★Public transport access · Class A · Excellent service
★Travel time to city centres · PT 9 min · Car 10 min to a major centre
★Local amenities · Groceries 206 m · Transit stop 28 m · School 439 m · Pharmacy 281 m · Bakery 110 m · Family doctor 190 m · Daycare 422 m · Post office 333 m
At 10:00 this address is in the sun.Sun: azimuth 147°, altitude 12°
Source and method
Method: shadows cast by the OpenStreetMap footprints at the selected time. Terrain shade is not included in this map.
Buildings: 75 neighbouring buildings from OpenStreetMap included in the calculation.
Building heights: 15 of 75 carry an entry in OpenStreetMap, the rest are estimated from the building type.
Reference point: eye level on the ground floor, not the roof and not a single façade.
Dossier
Your numbers for this address
All amounts are approximations from public data, not legal, construction or tax advice. Source and date are given in each block.
Income (CHF/yr)
Road noise · Day 60–65 dB · Night 55–60 dB
⚠Flood hazard · Affected by a flood that occurs roughly every 100 years
⚠Health insurance premium · Rather high premiums · 677 CHF/mo (median, Region 1 · canton ZH)
54 of 55 factors scorable at this address with data · weighted coverage 98% · of 65 factors in total, of which 10 deliberately provide context only, without a score, and don't count towards the LQS · Balanced base weighting. Nothing is favoured.
Factor values are objective. The "General" weighting only sets what counts more. Ubivo doesn't judge the address.
On 21 Dec the sun is above the terrain horizon here from about 08:35 to 16:15.
Source and method
Method: sun position (Grena A3) for 2026, drawn against the terrain horizon. Buildings are not part of this diagram.
Terrain: horizon profile from the elevation model (swisstopo, Open-Meteo fallback), 16 directions up to 12 km.
Sun hours per month
Confidence: high
Sunniest month: Aug at 9.7 h/day · least sunny: Dec at 4.6 h/day.
Source and method
Method: geometrically possible direct sun on the 15th of each month, expressed in hours per day.
Terrain: horizon profile from the elevation model (swisstopo, Open-Meteo fallback), 16 directions up to 12 km.
Buildings: 75 neighbouring buildings from OpenStreetMap included in the calculation.
Building heights: 15 of 75 carry an entry in OpenStreetMap, the rest are estimated from the building type.
Irradiation: PVGIS (EU JRC), horizontal surface, kWh/m² per month. These are converted into peak sun hours per day (1 kWh/m² ≈ 1 hour) and combined with the geometry. The curve therefore includes average cloud cover.
Reference point: eye level on the ground floor, not the roof and not a single façade.
Façade orientation: unknown. The calculation covers all directions, not one particular window.
Three different quantities in the report: “Sunlight” is the geometrically possible direct sun on the 20 March reference day (hours). This curve shows hours per day and month, average cloud cover included. “Winter sun” is the measured sunshine duration in December and January (hours per day, ERA5 grid of about 9 km, without terrain or building shade).
For June, Ubivo calculates about 10 h of direct sun per day here.Enough for vegetables, berries or a balcony garden? Plan it with Arboreon.
Factors grouped by perception field. Each theme has its own aggregate score, so strengths and weaknesses are visible at a glance.
How to read these numbers▾
Score 0–100
Score 0–100, weighted by factor in the LQS. Colour: green ≥75 (strength), yellow 50-74 (mid), red <50 (load).
Theme score
Confidence-weighted mean of the documented factors in this theme. Factors without data count in neither the numerator nor the denominator. They are never estimated.
Reliability
Reliability = how close the data source measures to your address. 100% = pinpoint; lower = regional/modelled.
Factors without a score
Factor is recorded but intentionally not scored. The classification is inherently subjective (e.g. landscape type). Shown as pure context.
Strongest factor
Strongest factor in this theme
Weakest factor
Weakest factor in this theme, pulling the theme score down
Theme 1/6
Setting & location
Altitude, sun, landscape, language region
Aggregate over 7 of 12 factors
87
Theme score
12 factors in detail▾
Theme 2/6
Noise & air
Road and rail noise, air quality, hot days
Aggregate over 15 of 15 factors
71
Theme score
15 factors in detail▾
Theme 3/6
Risks
Floods, earthquakes, radon, safety
Aggregate over 8 of 11 factors
71
Theme score
11 factors in detail▾
Theme 4/6
Mobility & access
PT, commute time, cycling, EV charging
Aggregate over 7 of 8 factors
97
Theme score
8 factors in detail▾
Theme 5/6
Social structure & services
School, hospital, restaurants, demographics
Aggregate over 13 of 14 factors
89
Theme score
14 factors in detail▾
Theme 6/6
Costs & finance
Taxes, health insurance, rent, electricity price
Aggregate over 4 of 5 factors
72
Theme score
5 factors in detail▾
Compare two locations
Pit this address against another, both with the same weighting.
Your report translates into these concrete checks for the viewing.
Visit at rush hour AND after 10 pm. Road noise is often very different in the evening and on weekends.Road noise · Day 60–65 dB · Night 55–60 dB
Ask about past flooding and whether natural-hazard insurance is required or more expensive.Flood hazard · Affected by a flood that occurs roughly every 100 years
Ask the seller about the age and condition of the heating and the planned replacement year. Get a quote for a renewable replacement early.Heating: retrofit check · Built 1974 · Heating: Boiler · Gas
Methodology & sources
Ubivo aggregates objective, publicly available Swiss data sources, weighted by your priorities. Each factor carries a reliability rating; unavailable values are marked “pending”. Ubivo does not judge the address. You do.
Data sources used
swisstopo · Address directory (geocoding), digital elevation model, building polygons.
Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich: property prices · Median sale prices for single-family houses and owner-occupied flats per municipality (reported by land registries and notaries), for the price context. Canton of Zurich only.
FTA Steuermäppchen: property gains tax · Property gains tax rates for all 26 cantons (table 3, 2025 tax period) plus taxing authority and revenue split, for the exit costs in the dossier.
Cantonal tax multipliers (BE, OW, SH, SO, JU) · Municipal multipliers for the property gains tax in the five cantons whose tariff yields only the simple tax. 520 municipalities, from the cantons’ official publications.
Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (GWR) · Building master data (year of construction, category, heating and energy source) via geo.admin.ch, for the building factor and the heating renovation check.
Official register of building addresses (swisstopo) · Federal building identifier (EGID) for the address, so the building-register query hits exactly the building at that address rather than the nearest one. Updated daily.
Open-Meteo · Weather archives (ERA5 reanalysis for climate trend), elevation, air quality (CAMS), all without an API key.
OpenStreetMap / Overpass · Building polygons for shadow casting, POIs (shops, public transport, schools, …) for local amenities. ODbL licence.
FOPH Radon map · Probability of exceeding the radon reference value (300 Bq/m³) per 10×10 m cell.
FOEN / SED Seismic foundation soil classes · Foundation soil class A–F per SIA 261 as a seismic amplification indicator.
ARE (Federal Office for Spatial Development) · Public-transport service quality classes A–D, travel time to centres (public transport + road), road traffic load (road-traffic factor + congestion risk along the commute route), housing inventory / share of second homes, landscape typology (38 types), harmonised building zones.
FOEN immission maps NO₂ / PM2.5 · Official annual-mean immission maps for nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter PM2.5 (street-level modelled raster, updated yearly). Point value at the location via WMS.
FOEN sonBASE noise map · Road and rail noise (Lr day/night in 5 dB bands) read from the official noise raster maps: a 10 × 10 m grid cell at the location, 4 m above ground, model calculation as of 2021.
FOPH Premium regions (priminfo) · Assignment of every municipality to its premium region (priminfo.admin.ch).
Kanton Basel-Landschaft Open-Data · Municipal tax rates for natural and legal persons (as of 2026, 86 municipalities).
Kanton Thurgau Open-Data · Total tax rates of all municipalities (as of 2025, 80 municipalities).
All 26 cantons open data + tax-rate PDFs (freshness context) · Current municipal tax rate/multiplier/coefficient for all 26 cantons (~2054 municipalities, as of 2022–2026) as a freshness supplement alongside the FTA comparison score. Open data where available, otherwise official PDFs/Excels/HTML parsed. NOT comparable across cantons. Pure context. BS-Bettingen: historical estimate (public source unavailable; mid-range 34–39 %); GL town of Glarus 2026: state before the December 2025 budget decision.
FTA Tax burden in the municipalities · Effective tax burden per municipality and income bracket for 6 household profiles (single/married one income/with children/dual income/single parent 50k–1 Mio, pensioners 50k–150k), 2110 municipalities Switzerland-wide. Pulled directly from the official online tax calculator. Data year per canton: 2026, except SG (2025). 127 pre-merger FSO numbers stay on 2018 for historical consistency.
OFCOM Broadband atlas · Number of providers with their own fixed network + fibre availability (FTTB/FTTH) per 250 m grid cell (WMS GetFeatureInfo).
FSO Demographic balance · Population trend per municipality (10-year growth 2015–2025) from the pxweb time series, 2115 municipalities.
FSO Vacant dwellings census · Vacancy rate per municipality (share of vacant dwellings offered on the market, reference date 1 June) from the official SDMX dataflow CH1.LWZ:DF_LWZ_1, 2116 municipalities.
FOEN Aquaprotect · Flood indication per return period (50/100/250/500 yrs) via WMS GetFeatureInfo. Overview map, not legally binding.
FOEN SilvaProtect-CH · Disposition areas for gravitational natural hazards (avalanches, rockfall, debris flows, landslides). Synoptic overview, not the binding cantonal hazard map.
Cantonal registers of contaminated sites (geodienste.ch) · Polluted sites (disposal sites, industrial and commercial sites, accident sites, shooting ranges) with their status under the Contaminated Sites Ordinance, from 22 cantons via the harmonised geodienste.ch service. NW, OW, SG and VD do not release their data for this use.
Federal registers of contaminated sites (FOT, DDPS, FOCA) · Polluted sites in public transport, the military and civil airfields via geo.admin.ch.
Official cadastral survey: plots (cantons, via geo.admin.ch) · Outline and EGRID of an address’s plot, only to check whether a polluted site lies on the same plot. Not displayed.
FEDRO road-accident locations · Police-registered road accidents with personal injury (location, severity, pedestrian/cyclist involvement, year). Density within 300 m of the location.
FOCA Noise exposure cadastre · Aircraft noise dB values (day + night) around Swiss civil airfields. Nearest noise isophone at the location (1 dB precision).
FSO Police crime statistics · Offences under the Swiss Criminal Code per 1000 inhabitants by canton (pxweb time series). Cantonal granularity: no municipal data nationwide.
FOPH Health-insurance premiums · Premiums of all insurers per premium region since 2011 (adults, standard model with accident cover; deductibles 300 and 2500; alternative models), from the files the FOPH publishes on premium day (opendata.bagnet.ch).
FOPH Statistics of compulsory health insurance · Costs per insured person and premium reductions per canton, since 1997 (kvd.bag.admin.ch).
SFOE Electrical installations · Extra-high-voltage lines > 36 kV (overhead and cable lines, voltage, owner) for high-voltage proximity.
SFOE Solar roof · Solar suitability of each roof surface (class 1–5) + annual PV yield, for the building's solar potential.
transport.opendata.ch · Official Swiss public-transport timetable for door-to-door commute time (personalised, with workplace).
OSRM (OpenStreetMap-Routing) · Car routing for commute time (free flow) + route geometry for congestion-risk sampling. Open-source engine.
Data as of: October 21, 2026
Without warranty as to accuracy, completeness or timeliness. Not legal, tax or real-estate advice. The Terms apply.
CHF 92,320over 10 years (at least, at today’s prices)(excluding Taxes, Commuting costs, Heating replacement)
Running costs, 10 × CHF 9,232
CHF 92,320
Property transfer tax (this canton does not levy one)
CHF 0
Sell after 10 years with a CHF 100,000 gain and CHF 23,520 in property gains tax is added.
Deliberately left out of the total above. It only applies if you sell and make a gain.
Projection over 10 years at today’s prices, with no inflation and no interest or tariff changes. Excludes mortgage interest, amortisation and building upkeep.
Some items are missing for this address. The total is therefore a floor, not a complete calculation.
This is a comparison basis, not a valuation: condition, location within the municipality, plot and fit-out are not included. Two properties in the same place can differ widely.
Source: Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich (land registry and notary filings). Prices paid, not asking prices. Currently available for Zurich municipalities only.
If you sell again
ScenarioWorked example on a reference gain, not a value of this property.
CHF 14,700less property gains tax if you stay 20 years instead of 2
Calculated on an assumed gain of CHF 100,000 in canton ZH.
Holding period
TaxProperty gains tax
after 2 years
CHF 29,400
after 5 years
CHF 27,930
after 10 years
CHF 23,520
after 20 years
CHF 14,700
This is not your gain. The taxable amount is sale proceeds minus acquisition costs minus value-adding investments. Those depend on your purchase history, not on the address. The table shows what a gain of this size would cost here.
Source: ESTV, Steuermäppchen Tabelle 3 «Berechnung der Grundstückgewinnsteuer». As of: Steuerperiode 2025.
Cantonal premium trend since 2011
2011: CHF 348 per month→2027: CHF 618 per month
Zurich: up 77.6 % since 2011. Switzerland over the same period: +79.5 %.
That is 1.9 percentage points less than Switzerland as a whole.
Median monthly premium of one adult in CHF, Zurich and Switzerland
Year
Zurich
Switzerland
2011
348
332
2012
368
350
2013
377
359
2014
390
370
2015
409
387
2016
425
404
2017
447
426
2018
463
443
2019
482
457
2020
478
462
2021
480
467
2022
476
467
2023
508
488
2024
537
526
2025
568
551
2026
591
572
2027
618
596
For comparison, today: without household details, the dossier uses one adult, CHF 677 per month (2027 premiums, median of all insurers in your premium region).
How it is calculated: one adult, standard model with accident cover, deductible CHF 300, median of all offers in the canton. Every year is taken from the FOPH file and calculated the same way. This is the canton’s trend, not your household’s. For children, young adults and other deductibles there is no series calculated the same way since 2011, so Ubivo does not reconstruct one.
What changes for you in 2027
Compared with the previous year, calculated for the household in your profile, and only where the 2027 figures have already been published.
Not known yet: the 2027 tax scales have not been published. So there is no amount here and nothing in the total.
Combined, only items with a 2027 value (Health insurance and Electricity)
CHF 438 more per year
Not included: Taxes.
Health insurance: median of all insurers in the premium region (standard model with accident cover), not the premium of a particular insurer. Electricity: standard tariff of the grid operators according to ElCom, excl. VAT.
Purchase costs: property transfer tax
Complete
Zurich levies no property transfer tax.
In other cantons the buyer pays up to 3.3 % of the purchase price, around CHF 33’000 on a one-million property. Here this item does not arise.
Buyer's share as customary, midpoint of the range. Notary and land registry are added depending on the canton.
Heating: retrofit check
Budget for replacement costs
Recorded in the buildings register (GWR): Boiler · Gas · built 1974.
Zurich: when an oil/gas heating system is next replaced, a renewable system is generally required (cantonal rule, in force since 2022-09).
Exception: Fossil replacement only if a renewable system is technically not feasible or more than 5 % more expensive over the life cycle.
ScenarioScenario: replacing Boiler · Gas. Calculated for a single-family house, because no property type has been chosen.
Replacement with a heat pump: typically CHF 45,000–60,000 gross (incl. removal).
After cantonal subsidies, net approx. CHF 30,000–55,000.
Assumptions: replacement at today’s prices, air-to-water heat pump, one heat generator, existing water-based heat distribution. Ground probes cost more.
Indicative range for a single-family home with an air-to-water heat pump, property-dependent; ground-source systems are considerably more expensive. Subsidies vary by canton, as of 07/2026.
Without a chosen property type this is not a personal renovation figure. The range therefore does not enter the ten-year calculation.
Roof solar potential (SFOE Sonnendach): Best roof surface: excellent (level 5 of 5) · potential of about 83’892 kilowatt hours of solar power per year. Photovoltaics can lower the running costs of a future heat pump.
The heating entry was last updated on 26.08.2021. That is how current the information is, not the year of installation. The register records no installation year.
The year 1974 is the age of the building, not of the heating. A house of that vintage is usually on its second or third system; the date of the next replacement does not follow from it. Ask for the heat generator’s year at the viewing.
Mandatory replacement of fixed electric resistance heaters and central electric water heaters by 2030.
Whether a heat pump at this address needs only a notification or a building permit application, BauCheck clarifies in advance: free, no account, under the law of the canton of Zurich. Check a heat pump in advance (page in German)
Based on the GWR entry (FSO). Verify on site; the register can lag reality. Cantonal rule as of verifiziert 07/2026. Costs indicative.
Sources: Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (FSO) via geo.admin.ch · cantonal energy law (curated dataset).
Ubivo · For the viewing
Bahnhofstrasse 1, 8001 Zürich
Municipality: Zürich · Canton: Zurich · Created on October 21, 2026
Data as of October 21, 2026. Source and date are shown next to each value.
What you should check on site
Derived from the weaker values at this address. For each point: the reason with its source, what you can do yourself and a question for the agent or seller.
Road noise · Day 60–65 dB · Night 55–60 dB · Among the 10 % loudest residential locations in this municipality (local median 47.8 dB)
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), sonBASE noise map: roads (day/night) · As of 31.12.2021 (FOEN)
Visit at rush hour AND after 10 pm. Road noise is often very different in the evening and on weekends.
Question for the agent/seller: What sound-insulation class do the windows have, and do the bedrooms face the street or the quiet side?
Flood hazard · Affected by a flood that occurs roughly every 100 years · Surface runoff: up to 10 cm water depth (as of 22.05.2018)
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Aquaprotect flood overview map · As of 18.12.2008 (FOEN)
Ask about past flooding and whether natural-hazard insurance is required or more expensive.
Question for the agent/seller: How is the building protected against water ingress: thresholds, backflow valves or sealed light wells?
Heating · Building register: Boiler · Gas · building constructed 1974
Source: Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (FSO) · as of 26.08.2021
Cantonal rule: Zurich: when an oil/gas heating system is next replaced, a renewable system is generally required (cantonal rule, in force since 2022-09).
Ask the seller about the age and condition of the heating and the planned replacement year. Get a quote for a renewable replacement early.
Question for the agent/seller: Are there service or chimney-sweep reports from recent years, and have any repairs been needed?
What this address does well
+Public transport access · Class A · Excellent service (Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), public transport quality classes · As of 18.03.2026 (ARE))
+Travel time to city centres · PT 9 min · Car 10 min to a major centre (Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), travel-time map car/public transport · As of 30.06.2023 (ARE))
+Local amenities · Groceries 206 m · Transit stop 28 m · School 439 m · Pharmacy 281 m · Bakery 110 m · Family doctor 190 m · Daycare 422 m · Post office 333 m (Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass))
+Rail noise · Day <40 dB · Night <40 dB (Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), sonBASE noise map: rail (day/night) · As of 31.12.2021 (FOEN))
Notes
Ubivo provides data, not a rating of the address. Where a value is missing, nothing is shown. Methodology v2026.5 · ubivo.ch
Building
Context
Built 1974 · Heating: Boiler · Gas
Data from the Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (RegBL). Year built, building type and heating relate to the building itself. They do not enter the location score, but matter especially to buyers (age, heating system, energy costs).
RegBL: Federal Register of Buildings and Dwellings (FSO) · geo.admin.ch
Proximity to nature
97
Forest 339 m · Park 26 m
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Distance to the nearest forest and park according to OpenStreetMap. Forests are mapped very reliably in Switzerland, parks less evenly. A park missing from the data does not necessarily mean there is none.
Sunlight (actual)
83
Very sunny · 10 of 12 possible sun hours · of which shade 1 h from terrain, 1 h from surrounding buildings
Included: terrain + 75 neighbouring buildings. The calculation uses a fixed reference day (equinox, 20 March), so the value does not depend on when the report is generated. The score shows how much of the possible daylight actually arrives despite the obstacles that were taken into account. Building heights are estimated from OpenStreetMap; if a floor is set in the profile, the calculation starts from there. More precise 3D building data and vegetation will follow later. If a data source is missing, the shown reliability drops. Nothing is ever guessed. Reference quantity: geometrically possible direct sun in hours, calculated at eye level on the ground floor and without cloud cover, not for the roof and not for a single façade. The monthly chart in the report shows hours per day and month including average cloud cover, and winter sun shows the measured sunshine duration in December and January. The building at the address itself casts no shadow in the calculation. Otherwise the house would shade itself all day. Arboreon uses the same sunlight calculation to assess the sun suitability of planting sites.
Winter sun / fog
85
Mostly sunny · 4.2 h of sun per day (Dec–Jan)
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5 sunshine duration) · As of: 5-winter mean 2021/22–2025/26
Average sun hours per day in December and January over the last 5 winters (European weather archive ERA5). Little winter sun on the Swiss Plateau usually means high fog; locations above the fog line get much more sun. Reference quantity: measured sunshine duration in hours per day across a grid cell of about 9 km, without terrain or building shade. Sunlight, by contrast, calculates the geometry address by address without cloud cover, and the monthly chart combines the two.
★ Theme strength
Lake/river proximity
100
147 m to lake · 784 m to river
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Proximity to a lake or river as a quality-of-life plus. The flip side (possible flooding for very close addresses) is assessed separately by the flood factor.
↓ Theme weakness
Light pollution
10
very bright · inner-city glow
Reliability 45%
Source & details
Source: Estimate from population (FSO) and elevation (swisstopo) · As of: Heuristic 2026-06
Shows how dark the night sky is. Relevant for sleep and stargazing. Deliberately an estimate from municipal population and altitude, not a measurement: every address in the same municipality gets the same value, only altitude sets them apart. A real measurement would require the federal satellite night-light map.
View / openness
95
Topographic horizon open in 16 of 16 directions · terrain on average 1.9° above the horizon · the 75 neighbouring buildings are not counted here
Reliability 55%
Source & details
Source: swisstopo elevation model (terrain horizon)
Shows how far the view carries over the surrounding terrain, checked in 16 directions up to 12 km: a flat horizon = open view/panorama, high surrounding terrain = valley floor or basin. A distant mountain panorama counts as open. Buildings are NOT considered. In dense urban areas the real view is therefore overestimated. Sun hours are measured separately by the sunlight factor.
Altitude
100
409 m above sea level · typical winter fog area of the Swiss Plateau
The address sits in the altitude band of the Swiss Plateau where a grey blanket of high fog often lingers for days in winter.
Building zone
Context
Mischzonen · Mixed zone: residential + commerce, often livelier.
Within 150 m only Mischzonen are designated. Next door, only the same kind of use can be built.
Ubivo shows the zone as context info, intentionally WITHOUT a score: whether you prefer a quiet purely residential zone or a lively mixed centre is a matter of taste.
Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), building zones of Switzerland · As of 01.01.2022 (ARE)
Landscape type
Context
Stadtlandschaft · Urban environment: densely built, well served by bus and train, lively.
Classification by the Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE). Intentionally WITHOUT a score: which landscape is most beautiful is a matter of taste.
Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), landscape typology · As of 31.08.2010 (ARE)
Language region
Context
German
Official language of the canton. It shapes authorities, school and everyday life. Intentionally WITHOUT a score: which language suits you is a purely personal preference.
Official languages per the Federal Constitution (Art. 70) and cantonal constitutions
Rooftop solar potential
Context
Best roof surface: excellent (level 5 of 5) · potential of about 83’892 kilowatt hours of solar power per year
How well the roof is suited to producing solar power, per the rating of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (level 1 poor – 5 excellent). Context info without a score, mainly of interest to buyers (own solar power, energy costs).
Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), solar roof inventory · As of 21.02.2023 (SFOE)
Air quality
65
Good · air index 35 (0 = cleanest air) · PM2.5 12.4 µg/m³ · NO₂ 19.0 µg/m³
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Air-Quality (CAMS) · As of: 7-day mean
Calculated with the European air-quality model CAMS (grid of about 1 km: a regional value, not a roadside measuring station). The air index sums up the main pollutants: 0–20 very good, above 100 very poor. Fine dust (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) are also shown separately, in micrograms per cubic metre of air (µg/m³).
↓ Theme weakness
Road noise
35
Day 60–65 dB · Night 55–60 dB
Among the 10 % loudest residential locations in this municipality (local median 47.8 dB)
PW IIAlarmIGW II–III
40
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), sonBASE noise map: roads (day/night) · As of: As of 31.12.2021 (FOEN)
Officially calculated noise value from the federal noise map (FOEN sonBASE). It is a model calculation for a grid cell of 10 × 10 metres at your address, 4 metres above ground and outdoors. It is not a measurement, not a value at your façade and not the loudness indoors. Data as of 31.12.2021 (traffic counts 2021). What is shown is a 5-decibel band, not a single value. The score is calibrated against the exposure limit values of the Noise Abatement Ordinance. Which of them applies here depends on the sensitivity level the canton assigns in the land-use plan. According to FOEN the map is not legally binding, but the enforcement authorities are. In narrow streets with tall buildings on both sides, lower floors can be louder than calculated because sound reflects between the façades. Check soundproof windows and ventilation before buying.
★ Theme strength
Aircraft noise
100
No registered aircraft noise
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), aircraft-noise register of civil aerodromes · As of: As of 28.04.2025 (FOCA)
Within about 400 m the federal aircraft-noise map (FOCA) shows no noise contour. Individual high-altitude flyovers are not recorded in it.
Hot days per year
82
Moderate summers · 11 hot days (≥30 °C) · 2 tropical nights (≥20 °C) annual mean 2023-2025
Hot days ≥30 °C11 days · moderate
5152550
On how many days per year the temperature exceeds 30 °C. Summer load on the building.
Tropical nights ≥20 °C2 nights · rare
2
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Calculated from the European weather archive ERA5 (grid of about 9 km: a regional value). Tropical nights are nights that don't cool below 20 °C. They disturb sleep the most. Densely built city centres heat up further; real values there tend to be above the calculated one.
Long-term air pollution (NO₂/fine particles)
63
NO₂ 17 · PM2.5 8 µg/m³ · above the WHO recommendation, below the legal limit
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), air pollution maps NO₂/PM2.5 · As of: 2024
Official annual mean from the federal air-pollution map (FOEN). It is a calculated grid, not a measuring station. It rates nitrogen dioxide (NO₂, mainly from traffic) and fine dust (PM2.5, tiny particles that reach deep into the lungs), in micrograms per cubic metre of air (µg/m³). The score is anchored to the WHO 2021 recommendations (NO₂ 10 / PM2.5 5 µg/m³) and the legal Swiss annual limits of the air-pollution ordinance (30 / 10 µg/m³). The worse pollutant counts. This shows long-term exposure; today's air is covered by the “Air quality” factor.
Rail noise
100
Day <40 dB · Night <40 dB
PW IIAlarmIGW II–III
◂
◂
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), sonBASE noise map: rail (day/night) · As of: As of 31.12.2021 (FOEN)
Officially calculated railway noise value from the federal noise map (FOEN sonBASE), freight trains included. It is a model calculation for a grid cell of 10 × 10 metres at your address, 4 metres above ground and outdoors. It is not a measurement, not a value at your façade and not the loudness indoors. Data as of 31.12.2021. What is shown is a 5-decibel band; the top class “≥ 75 dB” is open-ended. Which limit applies here depends on the sensitivity level the canton assigns in the land-use plan. If the tracks run in a cutting, upper floors can be more exposed than the ground floor.
Road traffic load
35
Main road directly at site (21’899 vehicles/working day)
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), road traffic model · As of: As of 30.06.2023 (ARE)
Indicative value: the vehicle volume serves as a pointer to traffic noise and exhaust. It is NOT a measurement. The road is right by the site (within about 80 m).
Climate trend
48
Marked warming · +0.36 °C/decade (8.5→10.8 °C)
19628.5 °C
1974·
1986·
1998·
2010·
202410.8 °C
Reliability 60%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5 reanalysis) · As of: 1961–1963 vs 2023–2025
Observed warming from the European weather archive ERA5 (grid of about 9 km: a regional trend, not the plot's microclimate). The average temperature of 1961–1963 is compared with 2023–2025. A projection to 2040 will follow in a later version.
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Heating degree days measure how much heating a location needs. For every heating day, we count how many degrees the daily average stays below 15.5 °C and add this up over the year (Swiss building standard SIA 380/1). The higher the number, the more heating is needed and the higher the heating bills.
Frost days
68
long · 68 frost days/year
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Days on which the temperature drops below 0 °C, average of 2023–2025. Hollows and valley floors where cold air pools are somewhat underestimated by the weather model's 9 km grid.
Fog days
69
common · 34 fog days winter/year
Reliability 65%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Oct-Feb mean 2023-2025
Days in the winter half-year (October–February, average 2023–2025) that look like typical high fog in the weather model: near-closed cloud cover, cold, hardly any sunlight. An approximation from the model. Visibility readings from weather stations would be more precise. Places clearly above the Plateau fog band (from about 700 m, at the latest above 1500 m) are counted lower, as they usually sit above the sea of fog.
Rain days
72
average · 166 rain days/yr
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Days with at least 1 mm of precipitation (MeteoSwiss's definition of a “wet day”), average of 2023–2025. Heavy downpours are covered separately by the “Hail risk” factor.
Snow days
76
pre-alpine · 32 days with fresh snow/year
Reliability 65%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Days with fresh snow (more than 0.1 cm), average of 2023–2025. In the Alpine region the weather model partly underestimates snowfall.
Storm days
95
calm · 3 storm days/yr
Reliability 60%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: Annual mean 2023-2025
Days with wind gusts of at least 70 km/h (force 8, gale), average of 2023–2025. Local wind boosters such as foehn valleys or narrow gorges are slightly smoothed by the weather model's 9 km grid.
Summer solar radiation
76
average · 5.3 kWh/m²/day (summer mean)
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: Open-Meteo Archive (ERA5) · As of: May-September mean 2023-2025
How much solar energy hits one square metre per day in summer (May–September, average 2023–2025), in kilowatt hours (kWh). The higher the value, the sunnier the spot: more sunshine, more UV exposure (think sun protection), more solar-power yield. Elevation is already reflected in the weather data (9 km grid).
Flood hazard
35
Affected by a flood that occurs roughly every 100 years
Surface runoff: up to 10 cm water depth (as of 22.05.2018)
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Aquaprotect flood overview map · As of: As of 18.12.2008 (FOEN)
In a flood that statistically occurs about every 100 years, the location would be affected according to the federal overview map (FOEN Aquaprotect). The smaller this number, the more frequent the risk. Your canton's hazard map is authoritative and can differ in detail.
Radon risk
97
Low (3 % probability of exceeding the reference value)
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), radon map · As of: As of 01.01.2025 (FOPH)
Radon is a natural radioactive gas from the ground that can accumulate in buildings. The percentage estimates how likely indoor air exceeds the reference value of 300 becquerels per cubic metre (Bq/m³). This is a modelled value from the Federal Office of Public Health, not a measurement. The actual level depends on construction and ventilation. If the probability is elevated, a simple radon measurement brings certainty.
Ground & earthquakes
Not covered
No ground-class map covers this location
Not covered: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) / Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ground classes per building standard SIA 261 does not record this location. A data gap, not an all-clear.
The ground-class maps are produced by the cantons on their own initiative, and none exists for this location. That is a data gap, not an all-clear. The query says nothing about the ground beneath this address. Does NOT count in the LQS. For general context: earthquake hazard in Switzerland is low to moderate (Plateau low, Basel region and Valais higher).
Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) / Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ground classes per building standard SIA 261
★ Theme strength
High-voltage line
100
No overhead high-voltage power line within 400 m
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), power lines above 36,000 volts · As of: As of 24.09.2026 (SFOE)
No large overhead power line (more than 36,000 volts) runs within 400 m.
Slope natural hazards
100
No signs of avalanche, rockfall or landslide risk
Documented negative finding: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), SilvaProtect overview map (avalanches, rockfall, debris flows, shallow landslides) responded and records no entry here. · As of 01.07.2006 (FOEN)
Reliability 50%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), SilvaProtect overview map (avalanches, rockfall, debris flows, shallow landslides) · As of: As of 01.07.2006 (FOEN)
According to the federal overview map (FOEN SilvaProtect), the terrain does not make any of these hazards possible here. Only your canton's hazard map is authoritative, though.
↓ Theme weakness
Road-accident density
20
133 accidents with injuries or deaths since 2022 (13 severe, 0 fatal) · 86× involving pedestrians or cyclists
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: Federal Roads Office (FEDRO), road-accident map · As of: 2022–2025
Police-registered accident locations (Federal Roads Office FEDRO) within 300 m, over the last 4 full years. Severe accidents and those involving pedestrians or cyclists count more. The figure shows how accident-prone the neighbourhood is. It is not a personal risk forecast.
Fire station
100
880 m to the nearest fire station
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Swiss benchmark: the fire brigade should reach the scene within 15 minutes, about 10-12 km with sirens. Small volunteer fire brigades in rural areas are sometimes still missing from the map database (OpenStreetMap).
Farm nearby
100
No farm within 500 m
Reliability 65%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Urban location with no farming nearby.
Mobile-phone antennas
Context
Within sight · nearest large antenna at 106 m · 103 within 1 km
Official data from the Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), updated yearly. Below the legal radiation limits (NIS ordinance) no harmful effect is scientifically proven. Ubivo makes no health claim. Only large outdoor antennas are counted.
Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), mobile-phone antenna locations · As of 23.09.2026 (OFCOM)
Hail risk
20
Hailstones 4-5 cm · roof and garden damage possible
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: MeteoSwiss, hail hazard map (largest hailstone in 50 years) · As of: MeteoSwiss 50-yr return period
Largest hailstone size statistically expected once in 50 years at this location (MeteoSwiss climate data). It affects insurance premiums, especially for solar panels. Because it is a 50-year extreme value, much of the Swiss Plateau falls into a similar range. The value is usually normal for the Plateau, not a local outlier.
Contaminated sites (register)
Context
No entry on the plot, but nearby: accident site, polluted, no harmful or nuisance effects expected, about 40 m away
No polluted site is registered on the plot itself. The entry next door concerns the neighbouring property first; whether it matters for building work on your plot is something the cantonal contaminated-sites office can tell you. No guarantee; the binding source is the extract from the competent authority, for example in the plot’s cadastre of public-law restrictions (PLR cadastre).
Register of contaminated sites, canton of Zurich (via geodienste.ch) · Federal registers of contaminated sites (public transport, military, civil airfields) · Canton of Zurich: as of 20.09.2026 · Federal: as of 04.09.2026
Commute time to workplace
Context
Personalised with workplace: enter it in the Dossier profile above.
Personalised factor: with your workplace, Ubivo calculates the real door-to-door commute time (public transport + car).
Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), public transport quality classes · As of: As of 18.03.2026 (ARE)
The rating comes from the Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE) and combines three things: how significant the stop is (railway station, tram or bus only), how often services run and how far the walk is. In everyday terms, class A means frequent services: you barely need a timetable. Class D means services are rare. A nearby stop alone doesn't earn a top class. If the bus runs rarely and there's neither commuter rail nor tram, the rating stays mid despite the short walk. National standard, updated yearly.
Travel time to city centres
100
PT 9 min · Car 10 min to a major centre
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), travel-time map car/public transport · As of: As of 30.06.2023 (ARE)
Travel time to the nearest major centre (city or regional centre as defined by the federal government), not to your specific work address. That's what the personalised commute factor is for.
Internet connection
100
4 providers with their own fixed network (Swisscom, Sunrise GmbH, GGA Maur) · fibre available
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), broadband atlas · As of: As of 30.04.2026 (OFCOM)
Counts providers that operate their own cable or fibre network at this address (federal data, 250-m grid). Providers renting someone else's network (e.g. Wingo via the Swisscom network) aren't counted. The real choice is usually larger. Fibre means the fastest internet, more than enough for home office and streaming.
Cycling infrastructure
100
Very well developed · 111 cycle-path segments within 800 m
Reliability 60%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Counts cycle paths and lanes from OpenStreetMap. Mapping completeness varies by region: very good in cities, gaps in rural areas.
Distance to motorway entrance
90
Optimal access · 1213 m to the nearest entrance
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
The ideal range is 2–5 km: the motorway is quick to reach without its noise being a direct nuisance. Very close addresses also lose points in the road-noise factor.
EV charging station
92
525 m to the nearest charger · 32 within 3 km
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Charging stations come from OpenStreetMap; operators mostly keep their locations up to date there. Good coverage across Switzerland.
↓ Theme weakness
Carsharing station
80
709 m to the nearest carsharing station (Zürich Stadelhofen / Promenadengasse) · 30 within 1.5 km
Reliability 80%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Carsharing providers like Mobility concentrate their locations in cities, agglomerations and near railway stations. Most relevant if you live without your own car. Depending on the weighting you choose (life situation), this factor counts less.
Local amenities
96
Groceries 206 m · Transit stop 28 m · School 439 m · Pharmacy 281 m · Bakery 110 m · Family doctor 190 m · Daycare 422 m · Post office 333 m
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
The data comes from OpenStreetMap: very complete in Swiss cities, patchier in rural areas. A missing entry does NOT mean it doesn't exist. Only grocery store, public-transport stop and school are scored. Pharmacy, bakery, family doctor, daycare and post office are shown for information but do NOT enter the score.
★ Theme strength
Nearest hospital
100
Universitätsspital Zürich (1.4 km)
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Shows the nearest acute-care hospital (with emergency department) from OpenStreetMap; specialised clinics such as psychiatry or rehab do not count. Distance is as the crow flies. The actual drive is usually longer.
Population trend
90
Growing · +11.1 % (396’955 → 440’935, 2015–2025)
2015396’955 EW
2018·
2021·
2025440’935 EW
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: FSO Demographic balance by institutional geographic level (pxweb px-x-0102020000_201) · As of: 2025
Scoring is not "the more, the better". Moderate growth (+5 to +20 % over 10 years) scores best: the municipality is lively without bursting at the seams. Shrinking points to people moving away; very strong growth often means years of construction and strained infrastructure.
Primary school nearby
98
439 m to the nearest primary school (Schule Schanzengraben) · 23 within 1.5 km
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
In Switzerland, a walk of about 1 km is considered a reasonable school route at primary level. A key factor for the “Family” weighting.
Second-home share
94
Low · 9.0 % second homes in Zürich
Reliability 90%
Source & details
Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), housing inventory (second homes) · As of: As of 31.03.2026 (ARE)
In Zürich the second-home share is below 20 %. Most homes are lived in year-round. The legal ban on building new second homes (from 20 %) does not apply here.
Secondary school II
100
Cantonal school: Kantonsschule Hohe Promenade (661 m)
Reliability 65%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Shows the nearest upper secondary school (cantonal school, gymnasium or vocational school) from OpenStreetMap. This is relevant if children will commute there after compulsory school.
Vacancy rate
80
Very tight · 0.10 % vacant dwellings in Zürich
20200.15 %
2021·
2022·
2023·
2024·
20250.1 %
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: FSO Vacant dwellings census (LWZ, stats.swiss SDMX CH1.LWZ:DF_LWZ_1) · As of: 2025
The vacancy rate shows how many homes in the municipality stand empty. The higher it is, the more choice and bargaining power you have in your search. A balanced market (~0.5–1.5 %) scores best. A very tight market (< 0.5 %) signals a sought-after location but makes the search hard; lots of vacancy (> 4 %) suggests weakening demand. On the count date of 1 June 2025, 235 homes stood empty.
Safety (crime)
67
Rather safe · lower rate than CH average · 65.9 offences per 1000 inhabitants (canton ZH, 2025)
Reliability 60%
Source & details
Source: FSO Police Crime Statistics (px-x-1903020100_101) + cantonal population · As of: 2025
Counts penal-code offences per 1000 inhabitants, but only per CANTON: the Federal Statistical Office does not publish figures per municipality. City cantons (BS, GE) look less safe than they are: commuters, shoppers and tourists drive up the offence count, but only residents are counted. Likewise, large cities raise the cantonal average (e.g. the city of Zurich for canton ZH). Quiet suburbs and rural municipalities are usually safer than the cantonal figure suggests.
Pharmacy nearby
100
281 m to the nearest pharmacy (Apotheke Paradeplatz) · 30 within 1.5 km
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
OpenStreetMap pharmacy data is well maintained in Switzerland. The pharmacy also appears in the local-amenities factor but is only scored here, so you can weight it separately (e.g. for families or in retirement).
↓ Theme weakness
Playground nearby
15
No playground within 500 m
Reliability 65%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Sports facilities
100
205 m to the nearest sports facility · 774 within 3 km
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Facilities come from OpenStreetMap. School sports grounds are counted too. Many are open to the public outside school hours.
Restaurant density
100
Very lively neighbourhood · 528 restaurants/cafés/bars within 1 km · nearest 23 m
Reliability 75%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Lots of restaurants and cafés point to a lively neighbourhood. Whether that is a plus or just bustle is a matter of taste. Depending on your chosen weighting (life situation), this factor counts more or less.
Swimming pool
100
206 m to the nearest public pool (Frauenbad Stadthausquai) · 42 within 5 km
Reliability 70%
Source & details
Source: OpenStreetMap (Overpass)
Only public pools (outdoor, indoor) from OpenStreetMap are counted. Private garden pools are filtered out.
Age structure
Context
Children 13.5% (somewhat below average) · Seniors 14.3% (young) · Young 15-34: 28.9% · Mid 35-64: 43.2%
Children13.5 %
Young·
Mid·
Seniors14.3 %
Official population figures (FSO, 2025) in four age groups. Deliberately WITHOUT a score: whether a younger or older municipality suits you better is your preference. The selectable weighting (life situation) can reflect that.
FSO pxweb px-x-0102010000_101 (permanent resident population at 31.12, total) · 2025
Tax burden
87
11.8% tax burden · cheaper than about 87% of Swiss municipalities
Income (CHF/yr)
Tax burden
50’000
6.5 %
80’000
9.5 %
150’000
13.6 %
The table values are based on 2018. By 2026 the burden has shifted by 0–1.5 percentage points depending on the canton. Your personal figure in the Dossier is calculated directly on the current FTA data.
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: FTA tax burden statistics 2026 (official evaluation from the online tax calculator) · As of: 2026-01-01
Income-tax burden in a Switzerland-wide comparison (FTA tax-burden statistics). Calculated without church tax (assumption: no denomination). Current tax multiplier (ZH 2026): 119 % (municipal tax multiplier excluding church tax, applied to the simple state tax), the local factor used to compute the tax. Only comparable within the canton, so NOT included in the CH-wide comparison score.
Source: ElCom electricity price index (federal open data) · As of: 2027
Electricity tariff according to ElCom (the federal electricity regulator), excluding VAT. If several utilities serve a municipality, we show the median tariff.
★ Theme strength
Property tax
100
No property tax · Zurich
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: FTA tax information property tax (as of 01.01.2025) · As of: As of 01.01.2025 (FTA)
The canton does not levy this tax in any form (ESTV-PDF Tabelle S. 2).
Wealth tax
Context
CHF 639 per year on net assets of CHF 500’000 (canton 284 + municipality 355)
Calculated for net assets of CHF 500’000. The Swiss median is CHF 1’590. The cantonal schedule is progressive (rate rises with wealth); a different level of assets shifts the amount accordingly. Deliberately without a score: how much wealth tax matters depends on assets we do not know. Church tax is not included (assumption: no denomination).
Rather high premiums · 677 CHF/mo (median, Region 1 · canton ZH)
Worth switching? Compare the 2027 premiums in your region and create the cancellation letter. It must reach your insurer by 30 November 2026. Switch health insurer
Reliability 85%
Source & details
Source: FOPH opendata.bagnet.ch Praemien_CH + priminfo.admin.ch premium regions (standard model, with accident cover). Default: adults, deductible 300. · As of: 2027
Median adult premium in the standard model (free choice of doctor, deductible 300, with accident cover). The figure applies to the whole canton. Depending on the premium region within the canton, your premium can be 10–15 % higher or lower.
50
60
70
dB
Day:60–65 dBNight:55–60 dB
By day the band spans the immission limit of a residential zone (level II, 60 dB): possibly above it, possibly below. In a mixed or commercial zone (level III) the limit is 65 dB.
At night above the immission limit of a residential zone (level II, 50 dB); in a mixed or commercial zone (level III) the limit is 55 dB.
From the building-zone type “Mischzonen”, sensitivity level III follows most plausibly. Derived, not verified. The level itself is assigned by the canton in the land-use plan (Art. 44 NAO).
The light line inside the bar is the class midpoint: a display value for the score and the municipal comparison, not a measurement. An arrow at the edge means the class is open on that side.
PW = planning value (preventive limit for new buildings) · IGW = immission limit value (60 or 65 dB by day depending on the sensitivity level; the hatched range) · Alarm = alarm value (above it, the noise source must be remediated)
40506070dB
Day:<40 dBNight:<40 dB
By day below the immission limit, in a residential zone (level II, 60 dB) as well as in a mixed or commercial zone (level III, 65 dB).
At night below the immission limit, in a residential zone (level II, 50 dB) as well as in a mixed or commercial zone (level III, 55 dB).
From the building-zone type “Mischzonen”, sensitivity level III follows most plausibly. Derived, not verified. The level itself is assigned by the canton in the land-use plan (Art. 44 NAO).
The light line inside the bar is the class midpoint: a display value for the score and the municipal comparison, not a measurement. An arrow at the edge means the class is open on that side.
PW = planning value (preventive limit for new buildings) · IGW = immission limit value (60 or 65 dB by day depending on the sensitivity level; the hatched range) · Alarm = alarm value (above it, the noise source must be remediated)
8
15
30
Nights without cooling below 20 °C. Sleep-critical, especially under roofs.